Deming v. Commissioner

Robert O. Deming, Jr., Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent Deming v. Commissioner Docket No. 10376 United States Tax Court 9 T.C. 383; 1947 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 102; September 23, 1947, Promulgated *102 Decision will be entered under Rule 50. Deduction -- Medical Expense. -- Where within the taxable year petitioner received payments under accident insurance contracts, designated in part as indemnity for disability and in part as indemnity for hospitalization, etc., held, that petitioner's medical expense was "compensated for by insurance" in the taxable year within the meaning of section 23 (x) I. R. C., only to the extent that he received insurance payments specifically designated as indemnity for hospitalization, etc. Jerome S. Koehler, Esq., for the petitioner. Harlow B. King, Esq., for the respondent. Tyson, Judge. TYSON *383 This proceeding involves only a portion of the deficiency in the amount of $ 143.31 in income and victory tax for the calendar year 1943. The only question presented is whether the respondent, in determining petitioner's tax liability for 1943, including the unforgiven taxes for 1942, erred in disallowing as a deduction the entire amount claimed for medical expenses incurred and paid during the calendar year 1942. The proceeding was submitted upon a stipulation of facts, exhibits attached thereto, and oral testimony. The stipulation, included herein by reference, is adopted as a part of our findings of fact, but only such portions thereof as are deemed necessary to the disposition of this proceeding are set forth herein. FINDINGS OF FACT. The petitioner, an individual*104 residing at Oswego, Kansas, filed timely income tax returns on the cash basis for the calendar years 1942 and 1943 with the collector of internal revenue, Wichita, Kansas. On June 10, 1943, he filed an amended return for 1942 with the same collector. At the times material herein, he was president of the Deming Investment Co., which was engaged in the mortgage banking business. On November 13, 1941, petitioner was struck by an automobile and sustained injuries which confined him in a hospital for approximately six weeks and required medical treatment and care for the entire year 1942. During 1942 petitioner expended $ 2,117.90 for medical expenses, including hospitalization, doctors' bills, nurses, and medicine. At the time of the accident petitioner carried accident insurance policies issued by three companies hereinafter named. Those policies, which contained similar terms, were the standard form of personal accident insurance, and provided for payment of a stated principal *384 sum and a specified weekly indemnity "against loss resulting directly and independently of all other causes from bodily injuries sustained * * * and effected solely through accidental means * * *" *105 as described in the policies. Provision was made for the company's payment of the principal sum of the policy for loss of the insured's life; specified sums for loss of the insured's hands, feet, fingers, or sight; a specified weekly indemnity for the insured's total disability "if such injuries * * * wholly and continuously disable the insured and prevent him from performing any and every duty pertaining to his occupation"; a specified weekly indemnity for the insured's partial disability "if such injuries * * * continuously disable and prevent the insured from performing one or more important daily duties pertaining to his occupation"; an elective indemnity for specified one-sum payments in lieu of weekly indemnity under certain conditions; double indemnity under certain conditions; and, in addition to any other indemnity to which the insured may be entitled, specified hospital and graduate nurse indemnities in amounts equal to 50 per cent of the weekly indemnity, but for not exceeding 20 weeks, "if such injuries * * * shall require the insured to be confined in a hospital or be necessarily attended by a graduate nurse," and also specified surgical indemnity "if, solely by reason*106 of such injuries, any operation named in the following schedule shall be performed by a surgeon." For each accident insurance policy held by him, petitioner paid a single specified premium for a term of twelve months, and the amount of that premium depended upon the occupation of the insured and the amount of the combination coverage or indemnity he desired, that is, the amount computed at a certain rate per thousand for the principal sum covering accidental death, plus the amount computed at a certain rate for each $ 5 of weekly indemnity for accidental disability, which latter rate provided for the hospital, nurse, and surgical indemnities as additional features of the accident insurance without additional cost to the insured. Due to the automobile accident of November 13, 1941, and the resulting personal injuries, disability, confinement, and medical care during 1942, petitioner received payments in that year aggregating $ 7,011.66, which, under the terms of his three accident insurance policies, were determined, classified, and paid as follows: Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co.: Hospital benefits $ 300.00 Fracture -- specific indemnity 200.00 X-ray pictures 10.00 Weekly indemnity for disability 4,360.00 Subtotal 4,870.00 Midwestern Casualty Co.: Hospitalization, etc $ 200.00 Weekly indemnity for disability 1,400.00 Subtotal 1,600.00 Sterling Insurance Co.: Hospitalization, etc. 141.66 Weekly indemnity for disability 400.00 Subtotal 541.66 Total weekly indemnity for disability 6,160.00 Total payments for hospitalization, etc. 851.66 Total payments received in 1942 7,011.66 *107 *385 On his original return petitioner claimed a deduction for medical expenses in the amount of $ 1,599.22 computed by subtracting 5 per cent of his net income from the medical expenses totaling $ 2,117.90. On his amended return petitioner claimed a medical expense deduction, limited to the amount of $ 1,250. Petitioner now concedes that his medical expenses paid during 1942 were compensated for in the amount of $ 851.66 received by him in 1942 from insurance companies as payments for hospitalization and medical expenses. In determining the deficiency herein, respondent disallowed the claimed deduction of $ 1,599.22 for the year 1942, based on his determination that "Inasmuch as you received $ 7,011.66 from insurance companies as compensation for hospital and medical expenses and for the loss of time, your deduction is disallowed." Respondent also made various other adjustments to petitioner's net income for the years 1942 and 1943, which adjustments are not in controversy in this proceeding. OPINION. The petitioner expended a total of $ 2,117.90 during 1942 for medical care, including hospitalization, doctors' bills, nurses, and medicine, due to personal injuries resulting*108 from an accident, and the issue herein is whether respondent erred in not allowing any portion of such expenses as a deduction for 1942, under the provisions of section 23 (x) of the Internal Revenue Code as added by section 127 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1942. 1 *109 *386 Respondent determined and now contends that petitioner's medical expense of $ 2,117.90 was fully "compensated for by insurance or otherwise" within the meaning of section 23 (x), supra, because during 1942 he received compensation totaling $ 7,011.66 under personal accident insurance contracts. Respondent further contends that the term "insurance," as used in that section, is not limited to any particular type of coverage under accident insurance contracts, that is, whether the type is for disability or for hospitalization, etc; and that the term "otherwise" is broad enough to embrace any form of reimbursement of expenses for medical care due to personal injury. The parties state that the question involved herein has not been decided heretofore, and we find no prior authorities directly in point. The Commissioner's Regulations 103 and 111, section 29.23 (x)-1, do not specifically cover the question at issue. Section 23 (x), supra, was inserted in the 1942 Revenue Bill by the Senate Committee on Finance, and Senate Report No. 1631, 77th Cong., 2d Sess., pp. 6, 95, sheds no light on the question at issue. The petitioner now concedes that his medical expense for *110 1942 was "compensated for by insurance" to the extent of $ 851.66 received by him in 1942 under his accident insurance contracts as payments specifically designated for that purpose. However, petitioner contends that the remainder of his medical expense for 1942, in the sum of $ 1,266.24, was not "compensated for by insurance or otherwise" and is therefore deductible under section 23 (x), supra, in an amount as limited under paragraph (1) or (2) of that section, because no portion of the $ 6,160 total weekly indemnity payments received under his accident insurance contracts during 1942 constituted compensation or reimbursement for his 1942 medical care. We agree with the contention of petitioner. In 1942 petitioner received under his three accident insurance policies the total amount of $ 7,011.66, of which $ 6,160 was received as "weekly indemnity for disability" and $ 851.66 was received as "payments for hospitalization, etc." These respective payments of $ 6,160 and $ 851.66 were made in accordance with the terms of the policies particularly relating to those respective coverages. Since petitioner neither died nor lost a hand, foot, finger, or sight as a result of his *387 *111 accident, the coverages under those policies with which we are concerned are those which provided (1) a weekly indemnity for the insured's total disability; (2) a weekly indemnity for insured's partial disability; (3) an elective indemnity for one single payment in lieu of the weekly indemnities; (4) a double indemnity; (5) specified hospital and graduate nurse indemnity; and (6) specific surgical indemnity. It is not controverted that, of the total amount of $ 7,011.66, the sum of $ 851.66 was paid under the policies to indemnify petitioner for items (5) and (6) above mentioned. Was, then, this amount of $ 851.66 the extent to which petitioner received compensation through "insurance or otherwise" for the amount he expended "for medical care"? We think so under the plain terms of the statute. All the compensation petitioner received on account of his accidental injuries was received as insurance and not "otherwise." The expense for medical care "compensated for by insurance" which is not to be allowed as a deduction under section 23 (x) means, we think, that the insurance received as compensation must necessarily be upon the risk insured, i. e., medical expense, and not upon some*112 other risks, such as those enumerated above as (1) to (4), inclusive. Respondent's citation of section 22 (b) (5) of the Internal Revenue Code, 2 as amended by section 127 (d) of the Revenue Act of 1942, (and more particularly the first clause thereof) as supporting his contention, is without merit. Although section 22 (b) (5) is correlated to section 23 (x) for the purpose of applying the former in determining the amount of the exclusion therein provided for, it is not correlated in the sense that in applying section 23 (x) any aid is given in the wording of the exception clause of section 22 (b) (5), for the language of that clause merely excludes from the exemption granted. "amounts received through accident or health insurance * * * as compensation for personal injuries or sickness," which are "attributable to," that is, ascribed as due to, deductions allowed "in any prior taxable year" under section 23 (x), supra, which latter section, standing alone, provides the criteria for determining what amounts are deductible in any particular year on account of medical expenses. *113 *388 We hold that the sum of $ 1,266.24 of petitioner's 1942 expenses for medical care was not "compensated for by insurance or otherwise" within the meaning of section 23 (x), supra, and that respondent erred in not allowing a deduction therefor computed in an amount as limited under paragraph (1) or (2) of that section. The respondent erred in his determination. Decision will be entered under Rule 50. Footnotes 1. SEC. 23. DEDUCTIONS FROM GROSS INCOME. In computing net income there shall be allowed as deductions: * * * * (x) Medical, Dental, Etc., Expenses. -- Except as limited under paragraph (1) or (2), expenses paid during the taxable year, not compensated for by insurance or otherwise, for medical care of the taxpayer, his spouse, or a dependent specified in section 25 (b) (2) (A) of the taxpayer. The term "medical care," as used in this subsection, shall include amounts paid for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or for the purpose of affecting any structure or function of the body (including amounts paid for accident or health insurance). (1) A husband and wife who file a joint return may deduct only such expenses as exceed 5 per centum of the aggregate net income of such husband and wife, computed without the benefit of this subsection, and the maximum deduction for the taxable year shall be not in excess of $ 2,500 in the case of such husband and wife. (2) An individual who files a separate return may deduct only such expenses as exceed 5 per centum of the net income of the taxpayer, computed without the benefit of this subsection, and the maximum deduction for the taxable year shall be not in excess of $ 2,500 in the case of the head of a family, and not in excess of $ 1,250 in the case of all other individuals↩ 2. SEC. 22. GROSS INCOME. * * * * (b) Exclusions from Gross Income. -- The following items shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation under this chapter: * * * * (5) Compensation for injuries or sickness. -- Except in the case of amounts attributable to (and not in excess of) deductions allowed under section 23 (x)↩ in any prior taxable year, amounts received through accident or health insurance or under workmen's compensation acts, as compensation for personal injuries or sickness, plus the amount of any damages received whether by suit or agreement on account of such injuries or sickness, and amounts received as a pension, annuity, or similar allowance for personal injuries or sickness resulting from active service in the armed forces of any country.