Brownsville Ice & Storage Co. v. Commissioner

BROWNSVILLE ICE & STORAGE CO., PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT. Brownsville Ice & Storage Co. v. Commissioner Docket No. 28897. United States Board of Tax Appeals 18 B.T.A. 439; 1929 BTA LEXIS 2041; December 6, 1929, Promulgated *2041 The petitioner was affiliated with the Brownsville Brewing Co. in the year 1922, and having filed a separate return for that year, the Commissioner did not err in determining its tax liability on the same basis for the taxable year. John C. Hayes, Esq., for the petitioner. H. Leroy Jones, Esq., for the respondent. ARUNDELL *439 The Commissioner has determined a deficiency of $2,870.01 in income tax for the year 1923. The issue is whether the respondent erred in not computing the deficiency on the basis of a consolidated return. The case was submitted on the pleadings and a stipulation of facts. FINDINGS OF FACTS. The petitioner, a Pennsylvania corporation, prior to and during the taxable year, was engaged in the business of manufacturing ice. Prior to "prohibition" the Brownsville Brewing Co., a Pennsylvania corporation, was engaged in the manufacture of beer. Thereafter, to and including January, 1923, it was engaged in manufacturing cereal beverages. During 1922 and 1923 the petitioner's business was conducted on premises owned by the Brownsville Brewing Co. Both corporations used the same office, heating plant, refrigerating*2042 plant, and trackage. The buildings, however, were not used in common, as each was separate and distinct from the others. No rental charge was made by the Brownsville Brewery Co. or paid by the petitioner for the use of the buildings or equipment. In 1922 the voting stock of the petitioner and the Brownsville Brewing Co. was held as follows: Brownsville Ice & Storage Co. Brownsville Brewing Co. Stockholder Shares Per cent Shares Per cent George J. Edel [600] 30.31834 [659] 29.28889 Estate of Geo. Edel [56] 2.82971 [50] 2.22222 John Monier [90] 4.54775 [112] 4.97778 W. H. Calvert [346] 17.48358 [383] 17.02222 Grace F. Wood [110] 5.55836 [215] 9.55556 Samuel C. Todd [10] .50531 [15] .66667 George M. Rathmell [70] 3.53714 [75] 3.33333 Mrs. Emma Shorthill [27] 1.36433 [30] 1.33333 Mrs. Nellie Hasler [27] 1.36433 [30] 1.33333 Clara A. Edel [27] 1.36433 [30] 1.33333 Alma K. Edel [30] 1.51592 [30] 1.33333 B. L. Porter [6] 0.30318 [10] 0.44444 F. E. Kyle [32] 1.61698 [23] 1.02222 J. F. Kyle [32] 1.61698 [23] 1.02222 James R. Taylor [27] 1.36433 [30] 1.33333 Eli Barr [16] .80849 [20] .88889 Cora Todd [22] 1.11167 [9] .40000 E. W. Hastings [30] 1.51592 [45] 2.00000 Robert W. Thompson [8] .40424 [10] .44444 Harry A. Edel [131] 6.61950 [130] 5.77778 Frances R. Dougherty [14] .70743 [18] .80000 William L. Wood [88] 4.44669 [98] 4.35556 Verdi D. Kirkbride [5] .25265 [5] .22222 A. L. Dewey [10] .50531 [10] .44444 W. D. Britton [10] .50531 Fred W. Wieland [14] .70743 Mrs. Mercia S. Kearns [21] 1.06114 W. M. Lilley [35] 1.76857 Sarah L. Winans [10] .50531 Walter F. Craft [7] .35371 Mrs. Elizabeth W. Lilley [15] .75796 L. M. Kyle [24] 1.21273 James R. Herbertson [14] .70743 W. V. Winans [15] .75796 W. H. Scott [2] .08889 Bulger Brothers [15] .66667 Harry Assenat [15] .66667 W. H. Herbertson [13] .57778 Mrs. Ida M. Kyle [56] 2.48889 Morris Levy [5] .22222 George D. Thompson [16] .71111 I. C. McKay [15] .66667 Walter S. Bower [11] .48889 H. C. Fletcher [12] .53333 Sarah C. Herbertson [15] .66667 Ethel G. Hough [5] .22222 Ralph P. Brown [5] .22222 Ada Kate Brown [5] .22222 Total 1,979 [100] 2,250 [100] *2043 *440 During the year 1922 the owners of 91.66247 per cent of petitioner's voting stock and 91.55553 per cent of the voting stock of the Brownsville Brewing Co. did not control any of the stock owned by the other stockholders of the corporations. The petitioner in 1922 was affiliated with the Brownsville Brewing Co. within the meaning of section 240(c) of the Revenue Act of 1921. On May 15, 1923, the petitioner purchased all of the outstanding stock of the Brownsville Brewing Co. During the entire calendar year 1923 the two corporations were affiliated. The petitioner and the Brownsville Brewing Co. filed separate income-tax returns for the year 1922. The petitioner on or about March 15, 1924, filed a consolidated return for itself and the Brownsville Brewing Co. for the year 1923. In determining the deficiency in controversy the respondent denied the petitioner the right to have its tax liability computed on the basis of a consolidated return, because of its election in 1922 to file a separate return. OPINION. ARUNDELL: The only issue before us for decision is whether the respondent erred in refusing to determine the petitioner's income tax *441 liability*2044 in 1923 on the basis of a consolidated return. All other assignments of error were abandoned by the petitioner at the hearing. The petitioner contends that it was not affiliated with the Brownsville Brewing Co. in 1922, and accordingly, the filing of a separate return in that year does not preclude it from filing a consolidated return for the year 1923, during which it was affiliated. The respondent, on the other hand, contends that it was affiliated in 1922, and since the petitioner elected to have its tax liability for that year determined on the basis of a separate return, the same basis must be used for the taxable year. The question to be determined is whether or not an ownership by the same persons in substantially equal proportions of approximately 92 per cent of the voting stock of the two domestic corporations, without any control by such persons over the remaining stock, serves to create an affiliated status for such corporations within the meaning of the statute and to require them to file consolidated returns. Section 240(c) of the Revenue Act of 1921 provides that domestic corporations shall be deemed to be affiliated "if substantially all the stock of two or*2045 more corporations is owned or controlled by the same interests." There can be no doubt that the persons who held stock in both corporations constituted the "same interests" referred to in the statute. Whether the same interests own or control substantially all of the stock of two or more corporations depends upon the peculiar facts of the case under consideration. "'Substantially all the stock' is a lax, indefinite expression. * * *. Its limitations cannot be defined with exactness or certainty." , reversing . To the same effect are , and numerous cases of this Board. Here, about 92 per cent of the voting stock of both corporations was held by 24 stockholders in substantially the same proportions. In only one instance was the percentage greater than about 1 per cent. In that one particular, the difference was only about 4 per cent. None of the remaining 10 stockholders of the petitioner held more than about 1.75 per cent of its outstanding stock. Most of such stockholders had less than 1 per cent. The*2046 remaining stock of the Brownsville Brewing Co. was held by 14 persons in proportions ranging from about .08 per cent to approximately 2.5 per cent. The close relationship between the corporations is illustrated by the fact that the Brownsville Brewing Co. allowed the use by petitioner of its office, heating and refrigerating plants, and trackage, without charge. In our opinion in 1922 substantially all of the stock of the petitioner and the Brownsville Brewing Co. was owned by the same interests. It necessarily follows that the corporations were affiliated. *442 See ; All ; ; . Section 240(a) of the taxing act provides that affiliated corporations may for any year beginning on or after January 1, 1922, file separate returns or a consolidated return and after making an election "all returns thereafter made shall be upon the same basis unless permission to change the basis is granted by the Commissioner." The petitioner filed a separate return for*2047 the year 1922 and a consolidated return for the taxable year. No evidence was offered to show that the respondent ever authorized a change in the basis for reporting income. The filing of a separate return for the year 1922 constituted an election under the statute and the respondent did not err in declining to determine the petitioner's taxes for 1923 on the basis of a consolidated return. ; ; and ; affd., . Decision will be entered for the respondent.