Hockenberger v. State

Ragan, 0. Edward C. Hoekenberger, in the district court of Hall county, was convicted of the crime of embezzlement. He brings the judgment pronounced against him upon such conviction here for review. On the 7th of February, 1894, a complaint was filed with the county judg'e'of Hall county charging Hockenberger with embezzlement. He was arrested, pleaded not guilty, and waived a preliminary examination. This complaint charged that Hoekenberger, as “secretary of the school board in and for the school district of the city of Grand Island, Hall county, Nebraska,” had embezzled certain of the moneys belonging to said school district. The information on which Hoekenberger was tried charged that he, as “secretary of the board of education in and for the school district of the city of Grand Island, in the county of Hall, in the state of Nebraska,” had embezzled certain money belonging to said school district. To this information the plaintiff in error filed a plea in abatement, to which the state demurred. The demurrer was sustained and the plea dismissed. This action of the court is assigned as error. The plea in abatement alleged that the plaintiff in error had not been accorded a preliminary examination upon the charge in the information, and averred a variance between the complaint on which the plaintiff in error was arrested and the information filed against him. The alleged variance between the charge in the complaint and that in the information will be made apparent when the two are stated thus: Complaint: “The school district of the city of Grand Island, Hall county, Nebraska.” Information: “The school district of the city of Grand Island,, in the county .of Hall, in the state of Nebraska.” We know of no better argument for disposing of this alleged variance than that of the attorney general, which is as follows: “This difference between the com — 709 — plaint and the information does not constitute a variance which the law will recognize, and is a technicality not to be tolerated. At one time, when the dotting of an T or the crossing of a *t’ was considered essential, such a proposition might have been considered of importance, but in this enlightened age of jurisprudence the law discards mere subterfuge and looks to the substance of the matter in the determination of the rights of the parties.” Another argument insisted on in this connection is a variance between the complaint and the information, in this: The complaint describes Hockenberger as “secretary of the school board,” whereas the information describes Hockenberger as “secretary of the board of education.” The law (Compiled Statutes, ch. 79, subdiv. 14) places all schools organized within the limits of cities such as Grand Island under the direction and control of a board of education, and provides that such board shall elect one of their number secretary. The complaint and the information should charge the same offense, .and charge it so specifically that the person accused may know for what offense he is to be tried. In the case at bar the offense charged to Hockenberger is the embezzlement of the money of the school district of Grand Island while he was secretary of the school board, or board of education, of said school district. There is no substantial difference in charging that Hockenberger was the secretary of the school board of the city of Grand Island and charging that he was secretary of the board of education of the city of Grand Island. When it appears that the charge in the complaint is substantially the same as that set forth in the information, the plea of a want of preliminary examination or a variance between the complaint and the information is unavailing.. (Cowan v. State, 22 Neb., 519.) We think there is no substantial variance between the charge in the complaint and the information either as to what school district the money alleged to have been embezzled belonged, or in — 710 — Hockenberger’s official designation, and tbe court did not err in sustaining the demurrer to tbe plea in abatement. On tbe 18th day of September, 1891, prior and subsequent thereto, Hockenberger was county treasurer of Hall county, and at tbe same time secretary of tbe board of education of tbe school district of tbe city of Grand Island in said county. Another error assigned is that tbe court erred in refusing to give instructions four and five asked by Hockenberger. These instructions are as follows: “4. If you find from tbe evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that on tbe 18th of September, 1891, that tbe defendant was tbe duly elected and acting secretary of tbe board of education of tbe school district of the city of Grand Island, and further find that on said date he receipted to tbe county treasurer of Hall county, Nebraska, for tbe sum of $3,000; but should further find that in truth and in fact be only received tbe sum of $2,000 and that be paid the $2,000 over to tbe treasurer of said city, Avho was then, by virtue of his office, tbe treasurer of said school district, then it is your duty to find the defendant not guilty. “5. Tbe receipts of tbe county treasurer’s records introduced in evidence in this case are only prima facie evidence of tbe receipt of tbe money, and are not conclusive, and may be qualified and explained by other competent evidence and tbe truth shown.” Tbe state showed, from tbe records of tbe county treasurer’s office, that on tbe 18th of September, 1891, Hockenberger credited himself in bis account, as county treasurer of Hall county, with having paid to himself, as secretary of tbe board of education of tbe Grand Island school district, on that date, $3,000, and it appeared from Hockenberger’s evidence that on that date be only paid to tbe city treasurer of Hall county $2,000. Tbe theory of tbe state was that tbe jury were justified in inferring from Hockenberger’s actions that be bad on said date, — 711 — as treasurer of Hall county, paid over to himself as secretary of the board of education $3,000 of the moneys belonging to the school district; and the court, on its own motion, instructed the jury that if they found that Hockenberger on said date credited his accounts, as county treasurer, with $3,000 that that was evidence of a delivery to himself as secretary of the board of education on. that date of that amount of money belonging to the school district. Hockenberger’s defense was, and his evidence tended to establish it, that on the 18th of September, .1891, he was short in his accounts as county treasurer, and, to cover up that shortage, he credited himself, as county treasurer, in his accounts with the county with $3,000, when in truth and in fact as secretary of the board of education he only received from himself, as county treasurer, $2,000, which sum on that date he paid to the city treasurer. Instruction No. 4, asked by Hockenberger, was intended to submit his theory of the case to the jury, and we think the court erred in not giving the instruction asked. We think, also, that the court erred in not giving instruction 5 as asked, because the records of the county treasurer’s office introduced in evidence were only prima facie evidence that Hockenberger, as secretary of the board of education, had received the sum of $3,000 from the county treasurer. These records were not conclusive evidence that he had actually received $3,000, and Hockenberger urns entitled to have the jury so instructed. (Morse v. Rice, 36 Neb., 212.) As already stated, the court had told the jury that the county treasurer’s records were evidence from which they might infer thai Hockenberger, as secretary of the board of education, had received from himself, as county treasurer, the full sum of $3,000. This instruction standing-alone left the jury at liberty to conclude that these records in the county treasurer’s office — the receipts from Hockenberger as secretary of the board of education to himself as county treasurer for $3,000 — were conclusive evidence that as — 712 — secretary of the board of education he had received that sum. The fact that Hoekenberger at the time of the alleged embezzlement was both county treasurer and secretary of the board of education, has a tendency to confuse. But suppose that Jones had been county treasurer and that on the 18th of September, 1891, he had paid to Hoekenberger, as secretary of the board of education, $2,000 and that Hoekenberger had receipted for $3,000. Does it follow that on the trial of Hoekenberger for embezzling the difference between the $2,000 and the $3,000 iliat his receipt to Jones would be conclusive evidence that on that date he had received from Jones $3,000? We think not. Suppose this was a civil action by the school district of Grand Island against Hoekenberger and the sureties on his official bond as secretary of the board of education to recover this $1,000, would the re: ceipt that Hoekenberger gave to Jones, as county treasurer, be conclusive evidence that Hoekenberger actually received on that date $3,000 instead of $2,000? We think not. To secure a conviction in this case the state was obliged to prove that on the 18th of September, 1891, Hoekenberger, as secretary of the board of education, actually received from the county treasurer of Hall county $3,000. That, in fact, was the only point really litigated in this case. Hoekenberger testified that he did receipt to the county treasurer for $3,000, but that as a matter of fact he received only $2,000, which sum he, on that date, had paid over to the city treasurer. That was his defense. He was a competent witness in his own behalf. The jury, of course, were at liberty to weigh his testimony with caution by reason of the interest he had in the result of the suit, and they were so instructed, but he was entitled to have his theory of the case, as disclosed by the evidence, submitted to the jury under proper instructions; and the court should have told the jury that, if they found that Hoekenberger as secretary of the board of education on the 18th of September, 1891, received from the county treasurer only $2,000 and paid — 713 — that over to the city treasurer he should go acquitted. His conduct as county treasurer may have been criminal, but he was not on trial for embezzling money as county treasurer. The judgment of the district court is reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.