Sherwood v. Saxton

Wagner, Judge delivered the opinion of the court. This case comes before us for review upon a judgment on demurrer rendered in favor of the defendant. It will be necessary therefore,to determine whether the petition stated a cause of action. The petition in substance stated that Sherwood, the plaintiff, on the 18th day of December, 1871, borrowed twelve hundred dollars of one Ashton, for which he gave his note, due one year after date ; and to secure its payment, he executed a deed of trust on certain real estate therein described, in which deed Saxton, the defendant, was trustee; that Saxton accepted the trust, and default being made in the payment of the note, he proceeded to sell the real estate, and at the sale, Albin and Weakley became the purchasers at the sum of seventeen hundred and forty-six dollars ; that Saxton neglected to execute and deliver deeds to the purchasers, and neglected to demand, sue for or recover the amount of the bids, and neglected to enforce specifically the contract of sale entered into by Albin and Weakley ; but on the contrary, he entered into an arrangement with Albin and Weakley, by which it was agreed that if they would pay the costs and expenses of a re-sale of the property, he would release them from their bids, and that in pursuance of said agreement, Albin and Weakley paid the costs and expenses of the second sale, which was made by the defendant as trustee; that at the second sale, Ashton, the beneficiary in the trust deed, became the purchaser of the real'estate described and [82] conveyed, for the sum of nine hundred and forty dollars, and that the defendant executed to him a deed therefor. It is farther alleged that the lands were of the value of two thousand dollars, and that Albin and Weakley, the purchasers at the first sale,were entirely responsible, and that the agreement entered into by which they were released was in fraud of the plaintiff’s rights ; and the petition claims damages against the defendant in the sum of eight hundred and six dollars, the difference between the amount which the property was sold for at the first and second sales. The main grounds taken ia the demurrer are that the plaintiff cannot sue at law, and that if he has any remedy it should be in equity, and that the petition does not show that the first sale was valid, because it is not averred that any note or memorandum thereof was made in writing. The trustee in a deed of trust to secure an indebtedness, is the agent of both parties, debtor and creditor, and his duties should be performed with the strictest impartiality and integrity. (Goode vs. Comfort, 39 Mo. 313; Carter vs. Abshire, 48 Mo. 300; Chesley vs. Chesley, 49 Mo. 540.) If the trustee fail in using reasonable diligence, or is guilty of a breach of trust, or an. abuse-of his discretionary powers, he will be personally responsible to the party injured, who has confided in and trusted to his judgment (Perry on Trusts, § 770; Lewin on Trusts, 423; Pechal vs. Fowler, 2 Anstruther [Excheq.] 549; Quackenbush vs. Leonard, 9 Paige, 347; Osgood vs. Franklin, 2 Johns. Ch. 27); and he is not justified in releasing any security or right pertaining to a matter committed to his charge, unless it will be clearly to the advantage of the cestui que trust or the trust estate. (Perry on Trusts, § 485; Lewin on Trusts, 423.) The cases found in the books have generally been proceedings against the trustees in equity, because that remedy was the most efficient in giving adequate relief. Where it is sought to trace up or follow the trust property, or affix a definite charge upon an estate as being liable to a trust, a proceeding in equity against the trustee and all others interested, would be the only remedy which [83] would be commensurate with the right demanded. A court of equity would he the only tribunal whose jurisdiction would be , sufficiently broad and flexible to do complete and adequate justice. But where the trustee is personally liable for the abuse of his powers, or a breach of trust, and the party injured does not desire to proceed against the property and only demands damages, then, a court of law is the proper forum. Indeed, it may often happen that it is the only one in which full compensation can be had. In Dover vs. Kennerly (38 Mo. 469), it was held that where property offered for sale at auction by a trustee in a deed of trust, is knocked down to the highest bidder, the sale may be enforced in equity in a suit for specific performance, or the bidder may be held liable at law for the damages sustained. The remedies are concurrent. Equitable relief may be resorted to, or the right to that kind of interference may be waived, and an action at law for damages substituted. The trustee in the present case, by his alleged wrongful action, precluded the plaintiff from having any action or pursuing any remedy against the bidders at the first sale. Whether plaintiff might not have disaffirmed the second sale and proceeded against the purshasers at the first sale is a question which we are not called upon to decide. But by his bringing his action against the trustee he has elected to allow the second sale to remain, and to recover the damages he has sustained by the perpetration of a wrdng against him from the party who committed that wrong. It is the design and object of the law to furnish compensation to an injured party to be recovered from him who was guilty of the tortious act. In many cases, even where the remedies are concurrent, the legal tribunal is more complete and satisfactory than an equitable one. This case is a good example. Should the plaintiff commence his suit in equity, he might set aside the second sale and redeem the land by paying up the indebtedness. But in the meantime the land may have greatly depreciated in value, so that it would be impossible to restore him to what he has lost by the defendant’s breach of his trust. An action at law, then, for damages, is the most ample, complete and simple remedy. When the trustee sold the land at [84] the first sale to responsible parties it was his duty to have compelled them to fulfil their agreement, unless the other parties to the deed had consented otherwise. The arrangement made with the first bidders was wholly wrong and indefensible. Allow such a proceeding, and trustees will then have the power to relieve men from bad bargains, or combine with persons who think it will be to their advantage not to comply with their contracts ; and instead of being the agents protecting the interest of the debtor and creditor, they will be sacrificing them. This power should not be used ; but if they will exercise it, they must not complain if they are answerable in damages to the extent of the injury they have caused. There is no merit in the point made in the demurrer in reference to the statute of frauds. When a plaintiff states a cause of action the law presumes its validity, and if it is objected that it is void by reason of there not being any writing to the transaction, that is a matter that must be set up in the answer as a defense. (Gardner vs. Armstrong, 31 Mo. 535.) Wherefor the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded. All the judges concur except Judge Vories who is absent.