State ex rel. Chandler v. Allen

VAULT A NT, C. J. — This is an application for a writ of mandamus to require the respondent, a judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit, to take jurisdiction of a cause alleged to be pending in Division No. 6 of the circuit court of the city of St. Louis. The city of St. Louis alone constitutes the Eighth Judicial Circuit. The court for certain purposes is divided into twelve divisions, there are twelve judges, to each division one judge is assigned; each division sits separately for the trial and determination of causes which have been assigned to it, and, when so sitting, is called a court in Special Term. For certain purposes prescribed by statute the twelve judges, or a majority of them, may sit In Banc, and hold a session of court which is called a General Term. The court in General Term has power to make rules and orders for certain purposes, among which purposes are rules regulating the assignment of causes to the several divisions, and orders assigning the several judges to the several — 301 — divisions. In June, 1909, Judge McQuillin was, and still is, one of the judges of that court, his term of office being six years from January 1, 1900. He had been duly assigned to Division No. 6, and there was a suit pending in the court, which had been regularly assigned to that division, in which suit Albert B. Chandler, the relator herein, was plaintiff and the United Railways Company was defendant. It was an equity suit; it came on for trial before Judge Mc-Quillin, who as chancellor heard the caxise on the pleadings and proof on both sides; it was argued by counsel and duly submitted for. judgment and was by the court taken under advisement. While the cause was so held under advisement the court in General Term made an order, as it had authority to do, transferring Judge McQuillin from Division No. 6 to Division No. 12 of that court, and at the same time and by the same authority Judge Allen was transferred from Division No. 12 to Division No. 6; whereupon the two judges made the exchange of positions, Judge Mc-Quillin assuming the position of presiding judge in No. 12 and Judge Allen in No. G. After this exchange the relator went into No. 6 and moved the court to.set aside the submission of the above mentioned cause and remand it to the docket for trial, on the. theory that Judge McQuillin being no longer the judge of that division of the court had no jurisdiction to render judgment therein, and that Judge Allen, not having tried the cause, could not render judgment. Judge Allen was of the opinion that he had not jurisdiction of the cause and therefore refused the motion, then the relator came to this court for a writ of mandamus to require Judge Allen to take jurisdiction. ■ The relator contends that when Judge McQuillin was transferred from No. '6 to No. 12 his jurisdiction of the cause was as completely terminated as if his term of office had expired. In the opinion of the learned counsel for relator, in a case like this there is no — 302 — difference between tbe condition caused by tbe transfer of a judge of the circuit court of the city of St. Louis from one division to another and that caused by the death or expiration of the term of office of a judge in a circuit where there is but one judge. We do not concur in that view. If a judge having tried a cause and taken it under advisement, should allow his term of office to expire before he renders his judgment he could not of course render the judgment, nor could his successor who had not tried the cause; but to say that a judge who has tried the cause and taken it under advisement and still holds his office cannot render judgment is not logical. Judge MeQuillin was not elected and qualified as judge of Division No. 6 of the circuit court of the city of St. Louis, but as judge of that court; he tried this cause as such and he is as much judge of the circuit court of the city of St. Louis now as he was then; he derived his authority to try the cause from his election, commission and qualification, and that authority he still has. That is the difference between the authority of the judge whose term has expired and the judge whose term has not expired. The whole argument of the relator is based on the proposition that each division of the court has, for the trial of á case regularly assigned to it, exclusive jurisdiction, and therefore another judge of the court sitting in another division cannot make an order or render a judgment in that case. The organization of the court with its twelve divisions creates the necessity of dividing the cases pending therein and assigning causes to the several divisions respectively and the necessity of giving to each division the exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine the causes assigned to it. If it were not so, if a division in a Special Term or a judge thereof should have jurisdiction to make orders or render judgments in causes assigned to other divisions, confusion would — 303 — result and the administration of justice he impeded. This court has decided in a number of cases cited by counsel for relator that when a cause is assigned to a division of that court that division has as exclusive jurisdiction of that cause as would the circuit court in a county where there is but one judge have of a cause pending therein. We have nothing to take back in any of the points decided in either of those cases, but those decisions do not go to the extent that the counsel would have us go in this case; what is said in the decision in each of those cases is said in reference to the facts of that case. In Voullaire v. Voullaire, 45 Mo. 602, the cause had been tried by a judge in one division, judgment rendered, and a motion for a new trial filed; the cause was then by order of that court in Special Term transferred to another division where the motion for a new trial was overruled. This court held that the judge that tried the cause alone had jurisdiction to pass on the motion for a new trial and render final judgment. In Haehl v. Railroad, 119 Mo. 325, the cause was duly assigned and pending in Division No. 5 and was set for trial, but on a day before the trial, when No. 5 was not in session, the defendant went into No. 3 and made application for a special jury, which was refused, and thereupon the judge in No. 3 signed a bill of exceptions showing that the application was made and refused; the cause went on to trial and judgment against the defendant in No. 5; it came to this court on defendant’s appeal and it was here contended that it was error to have refused the application for a special jury, but this court held that judge in division No. 3 bad no judisdietion to entertain the application. In the course of the opinion it was said, l. c. 337: “After a cause has thus been assigned to a judge for trial in Special Term, the jurisdiction to try the same and to transact such other business as is incident to the trial thereof, is vested solely in such judge and cannot be — 304 — exercised by any of his associates, unless, the case itself is sent to such associate in the manner provided by law. ’ ’ In State ex rel. v. Eggers, 152 Mo. 485, the court construed section 16 of the Act of 1809, now section 4157, Revised Statutes 1909', which is as follows: “Each judge of said circuit court in vacation, shall have and exercise the same powers that he might have and exercise if he were the sole judge of said court.” It was held in that case that if a division was in vacation, and if the judge assigned to that division could make the order in vacation, any other judge of the court could make the order. In Goddard v. Delaney, 181 Mo. 564, a scire facias had issued to revive a judgment. The judgment had been rendered in Division No. 2 and the scire facias when sued out was assigned to No. 4; it was contended that No. 4 had no jurisdiction of the writ, but this court held that when the suit was ended, final judgment entered and all proceedings, in No. 2 had ceased, the record in the cause then belonged to the whole court and the scire facias could be assigned to any division. The court in the course of the opinion said: “ The circuit court of the city of St. Louis, which is the Eighth • Judicial Circuit, is one court, composed of many parts called divisions, each division being, for certa,in purposes, in itself a complete court, and independent of the other divisions. A suit is not begun in a division; it is begun in the circuit court, and, under rules of the court, is assigned to a division. When a cause is assigned to a division that division becomes as to that cause a whole court, and has exclusive jurisdiction of it as a circuit court of an adjoining county has of a cause pending in it.” Those cases go as far as this court has ever gone in the direction the relator would lead us, but they stop short of holding that when a judge is transferred from one division to another he is, as to a cause that — 305 — he had tried and which had been submitted for judgment and held by him under advisement, bereft of jurisdiction as completely as if he had died or his term of office had expired. This, court has never so held. There is good reason for holding that' a judge who had not tried a cause could not pass on the motion for a new trial while the judge who had tried it was still in office; or that a judge in one division had not jurisdiction to order a special jury to try a cause pending in another division; or that when the court is in vacation either judge may make any order that any other judge could make. But there is no reason for saying that a judge who has tried a. cause and holds it in his breast cannot render judgment because he has been transferred to another division of the same court. It has been the practice of that court, ever since its organization into divisions, that whenever a judge was sick or absent, or for any cause was unable temporarily to hold his Special Term, he would request another judge of the same court to hold court for him in his division, and that would be done. There is no ex-' press provision in the statute authorizing that practice,* but none is necessary. Section 3960', Revised Statutes 1909, makes provisions for such an emergency in a circuit where there is but one judge and authorizes him to invite a judge from another circuit to come to his assistance. It was necessary in such case to have a statute authorizing a judge from another circuit, who is really a judge of another court, to preside in a court out of his circuit, but when a judge of the circuit court of the city of St. Louis calls to his assistance another judge of the same court, the judge who answers the call does not intrude into the judicial premises of the judge who invited him, or encroach on his jurisdiction, and the judicial authority which he would exercise when holding court for his brother judge would be the fact that he is a. duly qualified judge of that court. — 306 — The assignment of a judge to division does not make him any the less a judge of that court, it only apportions to him his share of the work and gives him exclusive jurisdiction thereof. It is said that Division No. 12 to which Judge McQulliin is now assigned is one of the divisions of the court for the trial and determination of criminal cases, but that does not alter the case; he is as much a judge of the circuit court of the city of St. Louis while presiding in No. 12 as he was while he presided in No. 6. He is under the same restrictions as to interfering in a case pending in another division as any other judge, but that restriction applies as well to another division exercising criminal jurisdiction as to a division exercising civil jurisdiction, there is no difference, and in vacation he may, under section 4157, Revised Statutes 1909', exercise the same power in any case, civil or criminal, that any other judge of that court could exercise. We hold that under the circumstances of this case Judge MeQuillin has jurisdiction of the cause above mentioned wherein Albert B. Chandler is plaintiff and the United Railways Company is defendant, and that it is his duty to render judgment therein, and that Judge Allen was correct in his holding that he had not jurisdiction of the cause. We do not find any provision in the statute providing where the judgment to be rendered by Judge MeQuillin should be recorded; that is a matter of detail for which no especial provision in the statute seems to have been made and if the court in G-eneral Term has made any order in relation thereto, as it would have the authority to do under section 4152, Revised Statutes 1909; it is not in evidence. But the absence of such a provision is not a matter essential to the exercise of the jurisdiction. There is but one clerk of the ten divisions, exercising jurisdiction of civil causes; it is his duty to enter the judgment, and — 307 — wherever he enters it it becomes the record of the court. It would seem appropriate to enter it in the book of records in which the proceedings in No. 6 are kept, because the other proceedings in the case are recorded there. For convenience a separate book of record is kept for each division, but that does not alter the fact that the record so kept is the record of the ■court and not that of a. division. If the judgment to be rendered in conformity to this opinion should be entered in the record book for No. 6, that part of the record should be signed by Judge McQuillin. The peremptory writ of mandamus against Judge Allen is denied. All concur, except Graves, J., who dissents.