Doty v. Reece

MB. JUSTICE SANNEB delivered the opinion of the court. At the last general election, the appellant and the respondent were rival candidates for the office of clerk of the district court in and for Lewis and Clark county. Upon the final canvass the respondent was declared elected, and the appellant brought this proceeding to contest the result so declared. He failed to sustain his contest, and the court in its judgment, dismissing the same, awarded to the respondent $200 as attorney’s fees. The purpose of this appeal is to raise the question whether such award was warranted, and the appellant’s claim is that it was [407] not, because: (a) There is no statute authorizing it; (b) if there is any such statute, the same is unconstitutional; (c) the award was made as against appellant’s sureties without giving them a day in court. [1] (a) This proceeding was brought under what is commonly called the Corrupt Practices Act, passed by the people at the general election of 1912 (Session Laws 1913, p. 593 et seq.), which provides, among other things, for contesting elections. Section 48 of this enactment is, in part, as follows: “Any petition contesting the right of any person to a nomination or election shall set forth the name of every person whose election is contested, and the grounds of the contest. * * * Before any proceeding thereon the petitioner shall give bond to the' state in such sum as the court may order, * * * conditioned to pay all costs, disbursements and attorney’s fees that may be awarded against him if he shall not prevail. If the petitioner prevails, he may recover his costs, disbursements and reasonable attorney’s fees against the contestee. But costs, disbursements and attorney’s fees, in all such cases, shall be in the discretion of the court, and in case judgment is rendered against the petitioner it shall also be rendered against the sureties on the bond. * * * ” Section 49 also provides: “ * * * If more than one petition is pending, or the election of more than one person is contested, the court may, in its discretion, order the cases to be heard together, and may apportion the costs, disbursements and attorneys’ fees between them. * * * ” We think the clear implication of these provisions is that the prevailing party, whether a petitioner or respondent, shall be entitled to attorney’s fees in addition to his other costs and disbursements, the amount to be awarded in that behalf to stand upon the sound discretion of the court. The language employed is not precise, but the greater part of it would have to be ignored to justify any other conclusion. [2] (b) This being their effect, can these provisions be upheld? Appellant insists they cannot for these reasons: They sub- . ject the unsuccessful party in an election contest to a penalty [408] not visited upon other unsuccessful litigants, and therefore deny to him the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by- section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the federal Constitution; they grant to the successful party in an election contest a special privilege not enjoyed by successful litigants in other cases, contrary to section 26, Article Y, of the state Constitution; they are violative of section 6, Article III, of the state Constitution, which provides that the courts of this state shall be open to every person and that justice shall be administered without sale, -denial or delay; and they constitute an attempt to delegate legislative power and authority to the courts. To support the first two of these specifications, counsel rely upon Mills v. Olsen, 43 Mont. 129, 115 Pac. 33, and a number of eases from other jurisdictions referred to in that decision and cited in the brief of appellant here. In Mills v. Olsen, the constitutionality of section 7166, Revised Codes, authorizing an award of attorney’s fees to the successful claimant under a mechanic’s lien, was challenged; but this court, without express discussion or decision of the question, contented itself with approval of the reasoning of the authorities referred to. Typical of these authorities, and in fact the controlling case, is Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Ellis, 165 U. S. 150, 41 L. Ed. 666, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 255, wherein a Texas statute authorizing the successful claimant of certain causes of action against railroad companies, to recover attorneys’ fees, was annulled as a denial of the equal protection of the laws. The grounds of this decision are thus interestingly stated: “It is simply a statute imposing a penalty upon railroad corporations for a failure to pay certain debts. No individuals are thus punished, and no other corporations. The Act singles out a certain class of debtors and punishes them when for like delinquencies it punishes no others. They are not treated as other debtors, or equally with other debtors. They cannot appeal to the courts as other litigants under like conditions and with like protection. If litigation terminates adversely to them, they are mulcted in the attorneys’ fees of the successful plaintiff; if it terminates in their favor, they recover [409] no attorneys’ fees. It is no sufficient answer to say that they are punished only when adjudged to be in the wrong. They do not enter the courts upon equal terms. They must pay attorneys’ fees if wrong; they do not recover any if right; while their adversaries recover if right and pay nothing if wrong. In the suits, therefore, to which they are parties, they are discriminated against, and are not treated as others. They do not stand equal before the law. They do not receive its equal protection. * * * It is, of course, proper that every debtor should pay his debts, and there might be no impropriety in giving to every successful suitor attorneys’ fees. Such a provision would bear a reasonable relation to the delinquency of the debtor, and would certainly create no inequality of right or protection.” In our opinion, there is not the slightest analogy between the statute so incisively analyzed and the statute before us. The statute before us applies to all election contests, it treats the adverse parties thereto alike, and, if it would be proper to give attorneys’ fees to every successful litigant in actions to recover money, it is equally so to give attorneys’ fees to every successful litigant in actions brought to contest elections. The appeal to section 26, Article Y, of the state Constitution, is also without merit. The provision there is: “The legislative assembly shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases, that is to say: * * * Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down railroad tracks, or any special or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever.” The Act before us does not grant or attempt to grant to any particular corporation, association or individual any special or exclusive privilege or immunity; it is a general law applicable alike to all persons within a class, and the provision invoked has nothing to do with it. Doubt no longer exists touching the right of the state through its legislature to classify, so long as such classification rests upon some difference which bears a reasonable and just relation to the matter in respect to which the classification is proposed (Gulf etc. Ry. Co. v. Ellis, supra; Hill v. Rae, 52 Mont. 378, [410] et cit., 158 Pac. 826); and we think that election contests not only form a perfect class for special treatment because of their intimate relation to a matter of great public concern, but they also present special reasons for the particular discrimination here involved. Nor does section 6 of Article III of the state Constitution-afford any objection to the award in question. In Wortman v. Kleinschmidt, 12 Mont. 316, 30 Pac. 280, a similar criticism was leveled at the statute allowing attorneys’ fees to claimants under mechanics’ liens; but it was held to be unavailing. True, the later case of Mills v. Olsen — accepting it as decisive — overturned a similar statute, but the reasoning invoked had to do with the guaranty of the equal protection of the laws. As a decision against the application of section 6, Article III, Wort-man v. Kleinschmidt is still in effect. The argument against the statute as delegating to the courts the power to say when attorneys’ fees may and when they may not be allowed in election contests, falls to the ground in view of the conclusion above announced that the discretion of the court goes only to the amount which shall be allowed in each instance. £3] (c) Appellant is not in position to complain that his sureties have not had their day in court. As long as they have not appealed and are apparently satisfied, their situation is no concern of his. The judgment is affirmed. 'Affirmed. Mr. Justice Holloway concurs. Mr. Chief Justice Bbantly, being absent, did not hear the argument and takes no part in the above decision. Rehearing denied April 23, 1917.